Consecutive Interpreting
In consecutive interpreting the interpreter recapitulates a passage of speech using notes made or from memory.
Consecutive interpreting involves a time-shift between the original speech and the presentation of the content in the target language. The interpreter commits what has been said to memory and usually also makes notes while the original speech is being made, after which he or she reiterates it in the language required. One of the aims of consecutive interpreting is to present the content in the target language in an especially well structured and abridged manner, as the necessity for interpretation means that the length of the speech is considerably increased, placing extra demands on the listeners. The passages which are presented contiguously should represent logically coherent units, but may vary considerably in length.
If the interpreting only takes place in one linguistic direction, this is known as unilateral consecutive interpreting. With unilateral consecutive interpreting the individually interpreted passages tend to be longer (usually up to ten minutes).
Where both directions are served this is called bilateral consecutive interpreting. Bilateral consecutive interpreting allows two communicating partners to interact, as is the case with interviews or negotiations, for instance.
In these cases the interpreted passages are generally shorter. Bilateral interpreting in a discussion or negotiating context is sometimes known as conversational interpreting.
These days, consecutive interpreting is only seldom used for conferences because it requires more time and considerable advances have been made in the technology of simultaneous interpreting. There is still demand for these services on ceremonial occasions and at diplomatic functions involving elaborate protocol such as meetings between state leaders or cultural events like authors’ readings or film premieres. Historically, consecutive interpreting represents the oldest form of interpreting.
Interpreting which is performed while the speech to be interpreted is still being uttered is referred to as simultaneous interpreting and involves the use of appropriate technology. Interpreting for two partners who have direct contact with each other is referred to as conversational or bilateral interpreting.